By Anonymous - October 4, 2016
= Biomarkers =
Data on a variety of biomarkers have been obtained from biospecimens collected for various sub-studies of AHS-2. These studies include:
* Calibration Study
* Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study (BRHS)
* Heart Pilot Study
The biospecimens obtained include samples of:
* Blood serum
* Blood plasma
* Urine
* Saliva
* Adipose tissue
In compiling a table containing all analyzed biomarkers, issues have come up. These are listed on this page
with corresponding resolutions.
Clinical Biomarkers
Creatinine
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creatinine | Serum | mg/dL | ||
| creatinine | Urine | mg/dL | ||
| creatinine | Urine | g | ||
| creatinine | Urine | mg/L | ||
| creatinine | mg | |||
| creatinine | mg/L | |||
Glucose
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| glu |
Glycosylated hemoglobin
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hgba1c |
Homocysteine
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| homocysteine | umol/L | |||
High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hs_crp | Serum | mg/L |
Insulin
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| insulin | Serum | uU/mL |
Insulin-like growth factor
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| igf | ng/mL | |||
| igf | ng/mL | |||
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| igfbp3 | ng/mL | |||
| igfbp3 | ng/mL | |||
Isothiocyanates
Total isothiocyanate
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| itc | Urine | mcmol/L |
Total isothiocyanate (mean)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| itc_mean | Urine | mcmol/L |
Total isothiocyanate/creatinine
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| itc_creatinine | Urine | mcmol/g |
Lipids
==== Total cholesterol ====
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tc |
High density lipoprotein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hdl |
Low density lipoprotein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ldl |
High density lipoprotein/ Low density lipoprotein ratio
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hdl_ldl_ratio |
Triglycerides
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trg |
Very low density lipoprotein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vld |
Lipoprotein(a)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lpa | nmol/L | |||
Methylmalonic acid
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mma | nmol/mL | |||
Parathyroid hormone
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pth | serum | pg/mL | ||
| pth | pg/mL | |||
Thyroid stimulating hormone
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tsh | serum | uIU/mL |
Potassium
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| k | Urine | mMol/L |
12-hour urine
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| urine_12h | urine | mcmol |
Urine volume
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| urine_vol | urine | mL |
Nutrient Biomarkers
Ascorbic acid
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ascorbic_acid | Plasma | mmol/L | ||
| ascorbic_acid | Plasma | mg/mL | ||
| ascorbic_acid |
Calcium
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| calcium |
Carotenoids
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ec_area | Plasma | nM |
Alpha-Carotene
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a_carotene | Adipose | 68 | ||
| a_carotene | Plasma | mmol/L | ||
| a_carotene | Plasma | mcmol/L | ||
Beta-Carotene
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b_carotene | Adipose | |||
| b_carotene | Plasma | mmol/L |
Alpha-Tocopherol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a_tocopherol | Adipose | |||
| a_tocopherol | Plasma | mmol/L | ||
| a_tocopherol | Plasma | mcmol/L |
Gamma-tocopherol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| g-tocopherol | adipose | mg/mL | ||
| g-tocopherol | Plasma | mmol/L |
Retinol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| retinol | plasma | mmol/L | ||
| retinol | plasma | mcmol/L |
Cryptoxanthin
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cryptoxanthin | Adipose | |||
| cryptoxanthin | Plasma | mmol/L | ||
| cryptoxanthin | Plasma | mcmol/L | ||
| cryptoxanthin | Plasma | nM |
Zeaxanthin
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| zeaxanthin | adipose | |||
| zeaxanthin | plasma | mmol/L | ||
| zeaxanthin | plasma | mcmol/L |
Fatty acids
Lauric acid (C12:0)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c12_0 | Adipose |
Myristic acid (C14:0)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c14_0 | Adipose |
Pentadecylic acid (C15:0)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c15_0 | Adipose |
Palmitic acid (C16:0)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c16_0 | Adipose |
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c16_1 | Adipose |
Stearic acid (C18:0)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c18_0 | Adipose |
Oleic acid (C18:1)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c18_1 | Adipose |
Linolenic acid (C18:2)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c18_2 | Adipose |
Alpha-Linolenic acid (C18:3)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c18_3 | Adipose |
==== Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) ====
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c20_2 | Adipose |
Arachidonic acid (C20:4)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c20_4 | Adipose |
Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c20_5 | Adipose |
==== Ozubondo acid (C22:5)====
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c22_5 | Adipose |
Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c22_6 | Adipose |
Protein (weight in oil)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| weight_protein_oil | adipose | mg |
Eriodictyol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eriodictyol | Urine |
Ferritin
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ferritin | Serum | ng/mL | UCLA | ||
| ferritin | Serum | LLU | |||
| soluble-tranferrin receptor | Serum | LLU | |||
Flavonoids
Hesperetin (Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lc_ms_hesperetin | Urine |
Naringenin (Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lc_ms_naringenin | Urine |
Quercetin (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry)
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lc_ms_quercetin | Urine | mmol/g |
Folic acid
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| folic acid | ng/mL | |||
Fructose
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fructose | mg/mL | |||
Holotranscobalamin/Vitamin B12
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| holotc | Serum | pmol/L | ||
| vitb12 | serum |
Isoflavones
Isoflavone
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ifl |
Daidzein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| de | Plasma | nM | ||
| de | Urine | nmol/mg |
Genistein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ge | Plasma | nM | ||
| ge | Urine | pmol/mg | ||
| ge | Urine | nmol/mg |
Enterodiol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ed | Urine | pmol/mg |
Enterolactone
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| el | Urine | pmol/mg |
Equol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eq | Plasma | nM | ||
| eq | Urine | pmol/mg | ||
| eq | nmol/mg | |||
Total isoflavones and lignans
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tot_ifl_ligs | urine | nmol/mg | ||
| tot_ifl_ligs | urine | pmol/mg |
Iodine
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| iodine | Urine | mcg/mL |
Lutein
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lutein | adipose | nmol/L | ||
| lutein | adipose | |||
| lutein | plasma | mmol/L | ||
| lutein | plasma | mcmol/L |
Lycopene
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lycopene | adipose | |||
| lycopene | plasma | mmol/L | ||
| lycopene | plasma | mcmol/L |
Magnesium
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnesium |
3-Methylhistidine
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| methyl_histidine | Urine | nmol/mL |
Phytosterols
Campesterol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| campesterol |
Cholestanol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cholestanol |
Cholesterol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cholesterol |
Lathosterol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lathosterol |
Beta-Sitosterol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sitosterol |
Phloretin
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| phloretin | urine |
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| paf_ah | mcmol/min/mL | |||
| paf_ah | ||||
| paf_ah_mean | mcmol/min/mL | |||
Total polyphenol
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| total_polyphenol | urine | mg/L | ||
| total_polyphenol |
Sodium
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| na | Urine | mmol/L |
Soluble transferrin receptor
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| stfr | serum | ug/mL |
Sucrose
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sucrose | mg/mL | |||
1-25 dihydroxy Vitamin D
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vitd_1_25_2oh | pg/mL | |||
Vitamin D 25(OH)-D
| Biomarker abbr. | Biosource | Units | Observations | Sub-Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vitd_25_oh | ng/mL | |||
| vitd_25_oh | ||||